A REVIEW ON MICROWAVE – ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF HERBAL BIOACTIVES

Abstract

Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) has emerged as a powerful technique for the efficient extraction of bioactive compounds from herbal materials. This method leverages microwave energy to heat the solvent and plant matrix, leading to the rapid breakdown of plant cells and the release of valuable phytochemicals. Compared to conventional extraction methods, MAE offers several advantages, including shorter extraction times, reduced solvent consumption, and higher yields of target compounds. The application of MAE in the extraction of herbal bioactives is particularly advantageous due to its ability to preserve the integrity and biological activity of sensitive compounds. This is achieved through the precise control of extraction parameters such as microwave power, extraction time, solvent type, and solvent-to-sample ratio. These parameters can be optimized to enhance the efficiency and selectivity of the extraction process, ensuring the maximal recovery of desired bioactives such as polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and essential oils. Numerous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of MAE in extracting a wide range of bioactive compounds from various medicinal plants, highlighting its potential for both research and industrial applications. The use of green solvents and the possibility of scaling up the process further underscore the sustainability and economic viability of MAE. In conclusion, microwave-assisted extraction represents a promising and innovative approach for the extraction of herbal bioactives. Its ability to provide high-quality extracts with minimal environmental impact positions it as a valuable tool in the fields of phytochemistry, pharmacology, and natural product research. Future advancements in MAE technology and methodology will likely expand its applications and enhance its efficiency, paving the way for the development of novel herbal formulations and therapeutic agents.