A REVIEW ON INDIAN SARSAPARILLA (HEMIDESMUS INDICUS ROOT)

Abstract

Indian sarsaparilla (Hemidesmus indicus), a traditional medicinal plant, has been widely recognized for its therapeutic potential and diverse pharmacological activities. Native to the Indian subcontinent, this herb has been extensively utilized in Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani systems of medicine. The plant, particularly its roots, is rich in bioactive compounds such as saponins, tannins, flavonoids, and volatile oils, which contribute to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, and anti-diabetic properties. It has also been traditionally used as a blood purifier, diuretic, and coolant. Recent studies have explored its potential in managing chronic diseases, including cancer and metabolic disorders, due to its ability to scavenge free radicals and modulate cellular signaling pathways. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the phytochemical composition, pharmacological activities, and traditional uses of H. indicus, highlighting its significance in both traditional and modern medicine. The paper also emphasizes the need for further research to fully explore its therapeutic potential, develop standardized formulations, and ensure sustainable cultivation practices.