A REVIEW ON INNOVATIVE TECHNIQUES IN PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS: TRENDS AND APPLICATIONS

Abstract

Phytochemicals, bioactive compounds derived from plants, have garnered significant attention due to their diverse therapeutic and nutraceutical properties. Accurate and efficient analysis of phytochemicals is crucial for quality control, drug development, and functional food production. Traditional analytical methods, such as chromatography and spectrophotometry, though widely used, often face limitations regarding sensitivity, specificity, and throughput. Consequently, innovative techniques in phytochemical analysis have emerged, offering improved accuracy, precision, and efficiency. This review highlights recent advancements in phytochemical analysis, emphasizing trends and applications. Cutting-edge chromatographic techniques like ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and hyphenated methods, such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS), provide superior resolution and detection capabilities. Spectroscopic innovations, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), offer non-destructive and rapid analysis. Emerging methods, such as metabolomics, biosensors, and machine learning-driven approaches, enable comprehensive profiling and quantification of phytochemicals in complex matrices.Additionally, microextraction techniques, such as solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), enhance sample preparation efficiency and environmental sustainability. The integration of green analytical chemistry principles further optimizes resource use and minimizes waste. These advancements have been pivotal in various fields, including food safety, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and environmental sciences.