Hematological Impact of Next-Generation PFAS: Evaluation of Coagulation Parameters and Hemostatic Changes in Mice

Abstract

Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), including next-generation alternatives like GenX and PFBS, are persistent environmental contaminants with emerging evidence of hematological toxicity. While extensively studied for hepatotoxicity and endocrine disruption, their effects on blood coagulation and hemostatic systems remain underexplored. Objective: This review aims to evaluate the impact of next-generation PFAS on coagulation parameters and hemostatic changes in murine models, and to assess their clinical and environmental relevance to human health. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted on studies involving mice exposed to emerging PFAS. Key parameters assessed included prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen levels, platelet counts, and associated molecular mechanisms. Results: Next-generation PFAS, though structurally distinct from legacy compounds, exhibit notable hematological alterations in mice, including prolonged coagulation times and decreased fibrinogen levels. These findings have translational relevance, particularly for populations exposed to contaminated environments. However, gaps in chronic exposure data, biomarker identification, and regulatory consistency remain significant. Conclusion: Next-generation PFAS may pose a hematotoxic risk comparable to or exceeding that of legacy PFAS. Future studies should focus on elucidating mechanisms, validating sensitive biomarkers, and integrating these effects into public health risk assessments.