Advancements in Nanoemulsion-Based Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems for Gout Treatment: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Gout is a metabolic condition characterized by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in the joints, leading to intense inflammation, pain, and swelling. Despite the availability of several treatment strategies, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and urate-lowering therapies (ULT), these treatments often present adverse effects, limiting their long-term use. Nanoemulsion-based transdermal drug delivery systems have emerged as promising alternatives, offering enhanced drug penetration, stability, and controlled release while minimizing systemic side effects. These systems, composed of nanoscale droplets, allow for the effective delivery of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs, overcoming biological barriers such as the skin’s stratum corneum. Nanoemulsions improve bioavailability, provide localized treatment, and reduce the need for frequent dosing, making them ideal for chronic conditions like gout. This review explores the advancements in nanoemulsion technology for gout treatment, focusing on the use of anti-inflammatory drugs like naproxen sodium in transdermal delivery systems. Additionally, the review discusses the challenges and potential solutions in the development and optimization of nanoemulsion formulations for enhanced therapeutic efficacy in gout management.