Allergies to Infections: Understanding the Spectrum of Conjunctivitis

Abstract

Conjunctivitis is described as any inflammatory condition of the membrane that covers the exposed sclera and borders the eyelids. This is the most common cause of "red eye." Conjunctiva inflammation is a symptom of many different disorders, collectively referred to as "conjunctivitis". Inflammations can be hyper acute, acute, or chronic, and they can have noninfectious or infectious origins. Conjunctiva injection, sometimes referred to as "red eye," is a typical presentation for a number of ocular diseases and may account for as much as 1% of primary care visits. When both of these symptoms are present, 59% of cases with "serious eye conditions," such as keratitis and anterior uveitis, may be identified. Moderate photophobia and anisocoria were significantly associated with "serious eye conditions. When detecting fungus in immunocompromised persons or those with chronic blepharitis, Sabouraud agar plates are advised. Anaerobic culture plates could also be helpful, especially for people who have had surgery or trauma in the past. Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) is a highly infectious type of viral conjunctivitis. The symptoms include chemosis, subconjunctival hemorrhage, edema of the eyelids, dilated conjunctiva vessels, and a sensation of a foreign mass. Neisseria gonorrhea is often the cause of hyper acute conjunctivitis in sexually active adults and newborns. Ocular allergies can affect other parts of the eye, such as the cornea, eyelids, and conjunctiva. Leonardi et al. classified ocular allergy diseases into three primary groups according to the immune mechanism causing the ultimate clinical manifestation. Viral conjunctivitis patients experience burning, watery discharge, red eyes, irritation, light sensitivity and a sudden foreign body sensation. In addition to the previously stated symptoms, patients with bacterial conjunctivitis also experience mattering of the eyelids upon waking and mucopurulent discharge. General supportive therapy for conjunctivitis patients includes avoiding allergens (dust mites, pollens, and animals), using artificial tears, washing your hands properly, applying cold compresses, not scratching your eyes, and using a gentle cleaner to get rid of any debris or allergens