Nanotechnology in Targeted Drug Delivery for Cancer Treatment: A Comprehensive Review of Innovations and Future Applications in Medicine

Abstract

This study examines the developments in nanotechnology for targeted drug delivery in cancer therapy, emphasising breakthroughs that maximise therapeutic efficacy and minimise side effects. Conventional treatment approaches for cancer can have severe side effects and low specificity, making it a major worldwide health concern. Through the creation of diverse nanocarriers, such as liposomes, dendrimers, and polymeric nanoparticles, which may precisely target malignant cells while sparing healthy tissues, nanotechnology offers a transformative approach. The processes of both passive and active targeting are covered in the review, along with more recent developments such smart nanocarriers that react to tumour microenvironments. This review intends to provide insights into future possibilities for nanotechnology in medicine by synthesising current research and clinical applications, highlighting its potential to revolutionise cancer therapy and enhance patient outcomes.